The Central Board of Secondary Education (CBSE) has released the Class 12 Biology syllabus for the academic session 2025-26. This syllabus provides students with detailed unit-wise chapters, marks distribution, and practical guidelines to help them prepare for the CBSE board exam effectively.
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Download CBSE Class 12 Biology Syllabus PDF 2025-26
Students can download the official CBSE 12th Biology Syllabus PDF from the CBSE academic portal:
CBSE Class 12 Biology Syllabus 2025-26: Unit-Wise Breakdown
Unit I: Reproduction – 16 Marks
- Chapter 1: Sexual Reproduction in Flowering Plants
Pollination, double fertilization, fruit formation, apomixis, parthenocarpy. - Chapter 2: Human Reproduction
Male & female reproductive systems, gametogenesis, menstrual cycle, pregnancy, lactation. - Chapter 3: Reproductive Health
Birth control, STD prevention, infertility treatments (IVF, ZIFT, GIFT).
Unit II: Genetics and Evolution – 20 Marks
- Chapter 4: Principles of Inheritance and Variation
Mendelian inheritance, sex determination, disorders like thalassemia, Down’s syndrome. - Chapter 5: Molecular Basis of Inheritance
DNA, RNA, replication, transcription, translation, Human Genome Project. - Chapter 6: Evolution
Darwin’s theory, natural selection, Hardy-Weinberg principle, human evolution.
Unit III: Biology and Human Welfare – 12 Marks
- Chapter 7: Human Health and Disease
Diseases (malaria, dengue, AIDS), vaccination, drug abuse. - Chapter 8: Microbes in Human Welfare
Use of microbes in industries, antibiotics, biocontrol agents.
Unit IV: Biotechnology and Its Applications – 12 Marks
- Chapter 9: Biotechnology: Principles and Processes
Recombinant DNA technology. - Chapter 10: Biotechnology and Its Applications
GM crops, stem cell therapy, gene therapy, biopiracy, biosafety.
Unit V: Ecology and Environment – 10 Marks
- Chapter 11: Organisms and Populations
Population dynamics, mutualism, predation. - Chapter 12: Ecosystem
Energy flow, ecological pyramids, productivity. - Chapter 13: Biodiversity and Its Conservation
Biodiversity, extinction, Red Data Book, Ramsar sites.
CBSE Class 12 Biology Marks Distribution 2025-26
| Unit | Title | Marks |
| I | Reproduction | 16 |
| II | Genetics and Evolution | 20 |
| III | Biology and Human Welfare | 12 |
| IV | Biotechnology and Applications | 12 |
| V | Ecology and Environment | 10 |
| Theory Total | 70 | |
| Practicals | 30 | |
| Grand Total | 100 |
CBSE Class 12 Biology Practical Exam Evaluation Scheme 2025-26 (30 Marks)
| Component | Marks |
| One Major Experiment | 5 |
| One Minor Experiment | 4 |
| Slide Preparation | 5 |
| Spotting (at least 7) | 7 |
| Practical Record + Viva Voce | 4 |
| Investigatory Project + Viva | 5 |
| Total | 30 |
List of Practical Activities
- Study of flower adaptations for pollination.
- Identification of morula/blastula (model only).
- Simulating Mendelian inheritance using colored seeds/beads.
- Preparing pedigree charts (e.g., tongue rolling, color blindness).
- Practicing emasculation, tagging, and bagging (controlled pollination).