NBSE HSSLC Syllabus 2025 PDF Download ‣ Nagaland Board Class 12 Syllabus for All Subject

Chapters

Important Topics

Marks

Part I: MACROECONOMICS

Introduction

• Macroeconomics: Its meaning and scope viz Central Problems: – Growth, Inflation, Employment.
• Some basic concepts of macroeconomics: Business Cycle, Aggregate Demand, Aggregate Supply, Consumption goods, Capital Goods, Final Goods, Intermediate Goods; Stock and Flows; Gross Investment and Depreciation.

10

National Income and related Aggregates: Basic Concepts and Measurements

• Circular flow of income; Methods of calculating National Income
• Concepts and aggregates related to National Income: Gross National Product (GNP), Net National Product (NNP), Gross and Net Domestic Product (GDP and NDP) – at market price, at factor cost
• Real and Nominal GDP. GDP and Welfare.

25

Theory of Income and Employment

• Aggregate demand and its components.
• Consumption Function and Investment Function
• Propensity to consume and propensity to save equilibrium output
• Types of unemployment.

22

Money and Banking

• Money – Meaning, Functions and types.
• Supply of money – Currency held by the public and net demand deposits held by commercial banks
• Definition and Function
• Money and Credit Creation by Commercial banks.
• Central Bank – Meaning and Functions.

16

Monetary Policy, Fiscal Policy and Government Budget.

• Monetary policy – Meaning types and tools.
• Fiscal policy – Meaning types and tools.
• Government budget – meaning, objectives, components and types.
• Classification of receipts – revenue receipt and capital receipt; classification of expenditure – revenue expenditure and capital expenditure.
• Various measures of government deficit – revenue deficit, fiscal deficit, primary deficit: their meaning and implications.

17

Part II: STATISTICS FOR ECONOMICS

Introduction

• Parameters of Development – Per capita Income, Human Development in India.
• A brief introduction of the state of the Indian Economy on the eve of Independence.
• Main features, problems and policies of agriculture and Foreign Trade.

10

Structural Changes in the Indian Economy After liberalization

• Meaning, Need, Significant, and Features of Liberalization, Globalization, Disinvestment, and Privatization.
• Present Features of Indian Economy.

16

Current challenges Facing Indian Economy

• Poverty – absolute and relative; Main programmes for poverty alleviation
• Agricultural diversification; alternate farming- organic farming.
• Human Capital Formation: How people become resource; Role of human capital in economic development
• Growth of Education Sector in India. Informal Economy
• Employment: Problems and Policies.
• Sustainable Economic Growth: Meaning, Effects of Economic Development on Resources and Environment.

24

Planning and Economic Development in India

• Objectives, Targets, Achievements, and Drawbacks of different Five Year Plans in India (A brief account).

14

Economic Growth and Development

• Economic Growth and Development – Meaning and Difference
• Comparative Study of India and China

16

Project Work

10

Total

90

Units

Important Topics

Marks

Electrostatics

• Electric Charges and their conservation, Coulomb’s law
• Electric field
• Electric flux
• Electric potential, potential difference
• Conductors and insulators
• Capacitors and capacitance,
• Van de Graff generator.

8

Current Electricity

• Electric current, flow of electric charges in a metallic conductor
• Ohm’s law, electrical resistance
• Carbon resistors
• Internal resistance of a cell
• Kirchhoff’s laws and simple applications
• Potentiometer

8

Magnetic effect of current & Magnetism

• Concept of magnetic field, Oersted’s experiment.
• Ampere’s law and its application
• Cyclotron.
• Force on a current-carrying conductor in a uniform magnetic field.
• Torque experienced by a current loop in uniform magnetic field.
• Magnetic dipole moment of a revolving electron.
• Torque on a magnetic dipole
• Electromagnets and factors affecting their strengths.
• Permanent magnets.

8

Electromagnetic Induction and Alternating current

• Electromagnetic induction; Faraday’s law, induced emf and current; Lenz’s law, Eddy currents.
• Self and mutual inductance.
• Alternating currents
• AC generator and transformer.

8

Electromagnetic Waves

• Need for displacement current.
• Electromagnetic waves and their characteristics
• Electromagnetic spectrum (radio waves, microwaves, infrared, visible, ultraviolet, X-rays, gamma rays) including elementary facts about their uses.

3

Optics

• Reflection of light
• Refraction and dispersion of light through a prism.
• Scattering of light – blue colour of the sky and reddish appearance of the sun at sunrise and sunset.
• Optical instruments
• Wave optics
• Interference, Young’s double hole experiment and expression for fringe width coherent sources and sustained interference of light.

12

Dual nature of Matter

• Photoelectric effect, Hertz and Lenard’s observations
• Einstein’s photoelectric equation- particle nature of light.
• Matter waves-wave nature of particles, de Broglie relation.

4

Atoms and Nuclei

• Alpha-particle scattering experiment
• Composition and size of nucleus, atomic masses, isotopes
• Mass-energy relation, mass defect; binding energy per nucleon and its variation with mass number; nuclear fission and fusion.

7

Electronic Devices

• Energy bands in solids (qualitative ideas only), conductors, insulators and Semiconductors
• Zener diode as a voltage regulator. Transistor as an amplifier (common emitter configuration) and oscillator.

7

Communication Systems

• Elements of a communication system (block diagram only)
• Bandwidth of signals (speech, TV and digital data)
• Production and detection of an amplitude-modulated wave.

5

Total

70

Units

Marks

Solid state

04

Solutions

05

Electrochemistry

06

Chemical Kinetics

4

Surface Chemistry

4

General Principles and Processes of Isolation of Elements

3

p-Block elements

8

d-and f-Block Elements

05

Coordination Compounds

3

Haloalkanes and Haloarenes

4

Alcohols, Phenols, and Ethers

4

Aldehydes, Ketones and Carboxylic acids

6

Organic Compounds containing nitrogen

4

Biomolecules

4

Polymers

3

Chemistry in Everyday life

3

Units

Important Topics

Marks

Solid state

• Classification of solids based on different binding forces.
• Band theory of metals
• Conductors and Semiconductors and insulators
• n and p-type semiconductors

04

Solutions

• Types of solutions
• Colligative properties-relative lowering of vapour pressure
• Raoult’s law
• Abnormal molecular mass
• Vant Hoff factor

05

Electrochemistry

• Redox reactions
• Kohlrausch’s law
• Nernst equation and its application to chemical cells. Relation between Gibbs energy change and EMF of a cell

06

Chemical Kinetics

• Rate of a reaction (average and instantaneous),
• Concept of collision theory (elementary idea, no mathematical treatment).
• Activation energy
• Arrhenius equation

4

Surface Chemistry

• Adsorption-physisorption and chemisorption
• Catalysis: homogeneous and heterogeneous
• Multimolecular and macromolecular colloids; properties of colloids
• Tyndall effect
• Brownian movement

4

General Principles and Processes of Isolation of Elements

• Principles and methods of extraction-concentration
• Oxidation, reduction
• Electrolytic method and refining; occurrence and principles of extraction of aluminium, copper, zinc and iron.

3

p-Block elements

• Group 15 elements
• Group 16 elements
• Group 17 elements
• Group 18 elements

8

d-and f-Block Elements

• General introduction, electronic configuration,
• Lanthanoids-electronic configuration
• Actinoids

05

Coordination Compounds

• Coordination compounds-Introduction, ligands, coordination number, colour, magnetic properties and shapes
• IUPAC nomenclature of mononuclear coordination compounds

3

Haloalkanes and Haloarenes

• Haloalkanes
• Optical rotation
• Haloarenes: Nature of C-X bond, substitution reactions (directive influence of halogen for monosubstituted compounds only)
• Uses and environmental effects tetrachloromethane, iodoform, freons, DDT.

4

Alcohols, Phenols, and Ethers

• Alcohols: Nomenclature, methods of preparation, physical and chemical properties
• Phenols: Nomenclature, methods of preparation, physical and chemical properties
• Ethers: Nomenclature, methods of preparation, physical and chemical properties, uses.

4

Aldehydes, Ketones and Carboxylic acids

• Aldehydes and Ketones: Nomenclature, nature of carbonyl group
• Carboxylic Acids: Nomenclature, acidic nature, methods of preparation

6

Organic Compounds containing nitrogen

• Amines: Nomenclature, classification, structure, methods of preparation
• Cyanides and Isocyanides – will be mentioned at relevant places in context.
• Diazonium salts: Preparation, chemical reactions and importance in synthetic organic chemistry.

4

Biomolecules

• Carbohydrates
• Proteins
• Hormones

4

Polymers

• Classification-natural and synthetic
• Some important polymers: nature and synthetic like polythene, nylon, polyesters, bakelite, rubber.
• Biodegradable and non-biodegradable polymers.

3

Chemistry in Everyday life

• Chemicals in medicines
• Chemicals in food
• Cleansing agents

3

Total

70

Unit Name

Important Topics

Marks

Reproduction

• Reproduction in organisms
• Modes of reproduction- Asexual and sexual; Asexual
• Sexual reproduction in flowering plants
• Pollen- Pistil interaction
• Special modes
• Human Reproduction
• Reproductive health

14

Genetic and Evolution

• Molecular Basis of Inheritance
• Structure of DNA and RNA
• Central dogma
• Transcription
• Lac Operon

20

Biology and Human Welfare

• Improvement in food production
• Health and Disease
• Basic concept of immunology
• Microbes in human welfare
• Apiculture and Animal husbandry.

12

Biotechnology and Its Applications

• Principles and process of Biotechnology
• Genetic engineering
• Bt crops
• Application of Biotechnology in health and agriculture:

10

Ecology and Environment

• Ecosystems
• Biodiversity and its conservation
• Environmental issues
• Organisms and environment

14

Total Weightage

70

70

Unit Name

Important Topics

Marks

Sets and Functions

• Sets
• Relations and Functions
• Trigonometric Functions

26

Algebra

• Principle of Mathematical Induction
• Complex Numbers and Quadratic Equations
• Linear Inequalities
• Permutations and Combinations
• Binomial Theorem
• Sequence and Series

37

Coordinate Geometry

• Straight Lines
• Conic Sections
• Introduction to Three-dimensional Geometry

16

Calculus

• Limits and Derivatives

06

Mathematical Reasoning

• Mathematical Reasoning
• Validating the statements involving the connecting words – difference between contradiction

03

Statistics and Probability

• Statistics, Measure of dispersion, mean deviation
• Probability, Events: Occurrence of events

12

Total Weightage

100

Unit Name

Important Topics

Mark

SECTION A: FUNDAMENTALS OF HUMAN GEOGRAPHY

Human Geography

• Nature
• Scope

3

People

• Population of the world
• Urban – rural
• Human development

5

Human Activities

• Primary activities
• Secondary activities
• Tertiary activities-concept
• Quaternary activities

10

Transport, Communication and Trade

• Land transport
• Water transport
• Air transport
• Mass Communication
• International trade
• Role of WTO in International trade

10

Human Settlements

• Settlement types – rural and urban
• Problems of human settlement in
• developing countries.

5

Map work

2

SECTION B: INDIA – PEOPLE AND ECONOMY

People

• Population
• The people of India
• Demographic patterns
• Human Development – Regional patterns

5

Human settlements

• Rural settlements – types and distribution (forms, structure and function).
• Urban settlements – distribution, census; distribution of large cities.

4

Resources and Development

• Resources- concept of resources
• Water resources
• Land use
• Mineral and energy resources, distribution

12

Transport, Communication and International Trade

• Transport and communication-roads
• National electric grids; communication networking
• International trade

7

Geographical perspective on selected issues and problems

• Environmental degradation.
• Hunger and proverty.
• Urbanisation, Urbanisation-growth of cities
• Rural-urban migration

4

Map Work

3

Practicals

30

Total

100

Subject

Reference books

English

1. Orchids, Literature Reader Class XII

2. Orchids, Main Course Book Class XII – 3. The Canterville Ghost – Oscar Wilde

4. Senior School Grammer and Composition

Biology

1. Biology Class- XII by Veer Bala Rastogi,

2. Biology Laboratory Manual Class – XII

Geography

1. Geography Class XII.

Hindi

1. Hindi Gyan Ganga

2. Hindi Vyakaran Prakash

3. Saral Hindi Vyakaran by S. K. Pathak & Zakienei Angami

4. Nirmala – Premchand